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Our oceans, covering more than 70% of the Earth's surface, are vital for sustaining life on our planet. However, they face numerous threats such as pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change. To ensure a sustainable future, it is crucial to raise awareness about the importance of ocean conservation and empower individuals and communities to take action.

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ENDANGERED SPECIES

6 most endangered sea turtle species

Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

The hawksbill turtle is critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by habitat loss, poaching for its beautiful shell, and accidental capture in fishing gear.

Kemp's Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)

The Kemp's ridley turtle is the most endangered sea turtle species. It is critically endangered and primarily found in the Gulf of Mexico. The major threats to this species include habitat degradation, pollution, and accidental capture in fishing gear.

Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

The leatherback turtle is the largest species of sea turtle and is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Threats to leatherback turtles include egg collection, fisheries bycatch, pollution, and habitat alteration.

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How do Sea Turtle Hatch?

NESTING

Female sea turtles come ashore, typically at night, to lay their eggs in sandy beaches. They dig a hole with their flippers and deposit a clutch of eggs into the nest. Each clutch can contain around 100 to 200 eggs, depending on the species.

INCUBATION

The eggs are left buried in the warm sand, providing a controlled environment for incubation. The temperature of the nest plays a crucial role in determining the sex of the hatchlings. Cooler temperatures produce more males, while warmer temperatures result in more females

DEVELOPMENT

The eggs undergo an incubation period that can last for several weeks or even months, depending on the species. During this time, the embryos develop inside the eggs.

HATCHING

As the embryos near full development, they start to break out of their eggs. Hatchlings have a specialized tooth-like structure called a "caruncle" that helps them crack the eggshell. Once they break through, they remain in the nest for a short period to absorb their yolk sac, which provides them with nutrients.

EMERGENCE

When ready, the hatchlings make their way to the surface of the sand. They use their flippers to dig through the sand until they reach the top. Hatchlings are naturally attracted to the brighter horizon over the ocean, which helps guide them in the right direction.

SCRAMBLE TO THE SEA

Once the hatchlings reach the surface, they start a perilous journey towards the ocean. They rely on natural cues, such as the slope of the beach and the reflection of the moon and stars on the water, to find their way. This phase is called the "scramble" as the tiny turtles move as quickly as possible to avoid predation.

OCEAN ENTRY

Life Cycle

Life Cycle Of Sea Turtle

EMBRYONIC STAGE

The life cycle begins when a female sea turtle lays her eggs in a nest on a sandy beach. The eggs are left buried in the sand, where they undergo an incubation period. The temperature of the nest determines the sex of the hatchlings.

HATCHLING STAGE

After the incubation period, the hatchlings emerge from their eggs. They make their way to the ocean by following natural cues such as light and slope. Hatchlings are highly vulnerable to predation and other hazards during this time.

EARLY PELAGIC STAGE

Once in the ocean, hatchlings enter a phase known as the early pelagic stage. They spend a significant amount of time in oceanic areas, drifting with currents and feeding on small organisms such as plankton. This stage can last for several years, varying by species.

JUVENILE STAGE

As the turtles grow, they transition into the juvenile stage. Juvenile sea turtles inhabit coastal areas and shallow waters, often near seagrass beds or coral reefs. During this stage, they continue to feed on a variety of prey, gradually transitioning to a more carnivorous diet.

SUBADULT STAGE

Subadult sea turtles are larger and more mature than juveniles but have not yet reached full adulthood. They tend to migrate over longer distances, sometimes hundreds or even thousands of miles, between foraging grounds and nesting beaches. Subadults undergo significant physiological changes and continue to grow until reaching sexual maturity.

ADULT STAGE

Adult sea turtles have reached sexual maturity and are capable of reproduction. They return to their natal or preferred nesting beaches to mate and lay eggs. Adult females typically lay multiple clutches of eggs throughout the nesting season, while males actively seek out mates.

REPRODUCTION AND NESTLING

Female sea turtles emerge from the water and crawl onto the beach to lay their eggs. They dig a nest in the sand, deposit their clutch of eggs, cover the nest, and return to the ocean. The nesting process repeats over multiple nesting seasons, typically every two to three years, depending on the species.

Threats toSea Turtles

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Climate Change

Rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and changing weather patterns affect sea turtles and their habitats. It can lead to the loss of nesting beaches , changes in sex ratios of hatchlings, and the disruption of food sources.

Habitat and loss degradation

The destruction and alteration of nesting beaches, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and feeding areas due to coastal development, pollution, erosion, and climate change pose a significant threat to sea turtles.

Interesting Facts About Sea Turtles

Enigmatic creatures, embodying the mysteries of the sea

Size And LifeSpan

Sea turtles vary in size depending on the species. The largest species, the leatherback turtle, can reach lengths of up to 7 feet (2 meters) and weigh up to 2,000 pounds (900 kilograms). The smallest species, the Kemp's ridley turtle, is about 2 feet (0.6 meters) long and weighs around 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Sea turtles have long lifespans, with some individuals living for several decades or even over a century.

Sense of Magnetism

Sea turtles possess a remarkable ability to sense the Earth's magnetic fields, which helps them navigate across vast oceans. They have tiny magnetite crystals in their brains that act as a biological compass, allowing them to detect and interpret magnetic fields and use them as a navigational tool.

Reducing Competition

Jellyfish can have a negative impact on fish populations by directly competing with them for food. When jellyfish populations are kept in check by sea turtle predation, there is less competition for fish to obtain their food sources. This can potentially benefit fish populations by allowing them to thrive and maintain healthier numbers.

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